Verify & Protect5 min readAll Buyers

Understanding Nigerian Land Titles: What Every Buyer Must Know

A comprehensive guide to Certificates of Occupancy, Governor’s Consent, Gazette, and Court Judgments in Nigerian real estate.

Guide Documentation
Key Takeaways
  • Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) is the primary 99-year state grant.
  • Governor’s Consent is required for subsequent transactions on land with a C of O.
  • Excision and Gazette establish legal community titles released from state acquisition.
  • Never purchase land based solely on a "pending application file number".

The Hierarchy of Land Titles#

  1. 1
    Certificate of Occupancy (C of O): The apex title document issued directly by the Governor.
  2. 2
    Governor’s Consent: When a property holding a C of O is sold, the Governor must give written consent to the transfer for the Deed of Assignment to be perfected.
  3. 3
    Government Gazette: Official public record confirming an excision grant to a community.
  4. 4
    Deed of Assignment: The formal contract transferring ownership rights from seller to buyer.
BALL Advisory Tip

If a seller claims a title is "in process at Alausa," treat the transaction with caution. You should only purchase once the title has reached verifiable registration.

BALL Advisory & Client Support

Need direct guidance on Verify & Protect?

Our property advisors and legal verification specialists are on standby to guide you through property assessments, title due diligence, or structured milestone contracts.

Did this documentation guide resolve your inquiry?